Human Computer Interaction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Computer Interaction - Assignment Example As society is growing increasingly attached and setting strong footing on a knowledge-based economy, there are excellent opportunities for people with disability to participate fully in the economic and social life of their communities. The realization of this scenario depends on what takes place to people with disabilities in using the new information technology systems and computers. Ensuring that the concerns and needs of students with all types of disability are well represented in planning. Joe is a professional peer counselor and motivational speaker. He is in his early 20’s and has attended college where he recently completed a diploma in Peer counseling and guidance. Joe is not able to us his eye sight since he is visually impaired and has actually attended a college that was catering for his sight needs. Joe is not yet a family man and volunteers in the local Nongovernmental Organization for the disabled and physically handicapped. He majorly plays the big brother role of encouraging the others and showing them that there is a cause to live for and that disability is not inability. The disability to be used in this scenario is visual disability. Individuals who have low vision, blind or have color blindness are referred to as visually impaired. Blind people need equivalents of text for the images on the website pages, since the screen reader technology that helps them cannot obtain information from images. Visually impaired persons may not find the mouse very useful since it requires eye and hand coordination. In place of the two they must navigate the website page using only the keyboard. For instance, the tab key moves the focus to the next item that a user needs to select. A screen reader announces the item name so that the user knows what to select and where to put focus on the page. The user will then hit the Enter key instead of using a mouse button.

Magna Carta for Students Essay Example for Free

Magna Carta for Students Essay EXPLANATORY NOTE One of the biggest foundations of a progressive nation is an educated population. Development in the different areas of knowledge such a science and technology, business, medicine, social science and others have brought about drastic advancement in our present society. In an increasingly demanding and dynamic global economy, competitiveness, more than an advantage, is a must. As expressed in the Philippine Constitution, education is one of the priorities of the State. Aside from the basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing, it is one of the primary necessities that the State should provide for its constituents. While the private sector is an active participant in the promotion of education at present, the governrnent should still lead in ensuring its quality and accessibility. It should be recognized that the full development of the students is not dependent merely on books and lectures. Aside from providing them with an environment conductive to learning, it is the duty of the State to ensure the quality of education that goes beyond the corners of the classroom; for indeed the true lessons in life are gained in the real world. However, the present formal educational system has, in one way or another, deprived the students of the chance to develop their full potential. This Magna Carta for Students intends to equalize the chance of the students to admission in school and to avail of competent and quality education. It seeks to provide measures to ensure that the students are able to exercise their rights to organize, right to participate in policy-making, right to academic freedom, and right to free expression and information. For these reasons, the passage of this bill is earnestly sought. Senator FIFTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES First Regular Session ) ) ) HI SENATE Senate Bill No. JUl. -8 A9 :(). :i 911 INTRODUCED BY SEN. JINGGOY EJERCITO ESTRADA AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MAGNA CARTA OF STUDENTS Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: SECTION 1. Students. Title. This Act shall be known as the Magna Carta of CHAPTER I GENERAL PRINCIPLES SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to promote and protect the rights of students to enable them to participate actively and effectively in the democratic processes of effective progressive and developmental changes in society. SEC. 3. Guiding Principles. This Act declares the following as basic guiding principles: (a) The formal educational system being the principal institutional mechanism for imparting knowledge and developing skills is given priority attention and support by the govemment. Education is a right and not a mere privilege. It is therefore the responsibility of the State to provide quality education accessible at all curriculum levels. Student organizations enhance democratic processes on the campus. Membership and active which promote and protect students rights and welfare and\or contribute to national development shall be guaranteed by the State and school authorities. Student organizations shall not be subject to rules and regulations that unduly hamper their activities and are prejudicial to their objectives and interests, provided such objectives, activities and interests are with the schools mission. Student councils\governments being the most representative of the studentry and the highest expression of student power on campus shall be consulted in the formulation of school policies directly affecting students. (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) . (g) Student publication shall serve as a principal, medium for free and responsible expression, dissemination of information, and interaction, among the different sectors of the academic community . With their democratic rights guaranteed, students can serve as a potent and cogent force in the countrys social transformation. SEC. 4. Definition of Terms. As used in this Act, the following terms shall mean: (a) Student any person enrolled in school in post secondary, tertiary, graduate and post graduate levels, including vocational and technical education. School any private, public or government-run and funded academic educational institution offering any or all courses in the above-mentioned levels. School campus the totality of all contiguous or proximate buildings, grounds and other facilities designed by the school as areas or facilities for the use of its students. Governing Board the highest policy making body of the school such as: Board of Directors, Trustees or Regents. Student Council/Government the body representing the whole student population in one school or school campus whose officers are annually elected at large by the whole student population pursuant to its constitution and by-laws, if any. Council of Leaders the body composed of the heads of various stUdent organizations chaired by the President/Chairman of the Student Council. Tuition Fee The fee representing direct costs of instructions, training and other related activities, and the use of school facilities. The term other school fees refers to fees which cover other necessary costs supportive of instruction, including but not limited to medical and dental, athletic, library, laboratory, and Citizen Army Training (CAT) or Citizen Military Training (CMT) fees. CHAPTER II RIGHT TO ADMISSION AND QUALITY EDUCATION SEC. 5. Admission. . (a) No student shall be denied admission to any school on account of his/her physical handicap, socio-economic status, political or religious beliefs, or shall pregnant students and certified reformed drug abusers be discriminated against. A student shall have the right to freely choose his/her field of study subject to existing curricula and the instituti. ons admissions policies and to continue his/her course up to graduation except in case of academic deficiency, inability to meet program requirement, or violation of disciplinary regulations which do not infringe upon the exercise of students rights. (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (b) SEC. 6. Rights to Competent Instruction and Relevant Quality Education. Every student shall have the right to competent instruction and quality education to relevant to his/her personal and cultural development and  that of the nation, and commensurate to the school fees paid, and for state institutions, public subsidies granted. Students shall have the right to make a written evaluation of the performance of their teachers toward the end of the school term. SEC. 7. Right to Adequate Student Services and Academic Facilities. It shall be the responsibility of the school administration to provide the students with adequate student services and academic facilities commensurate to the school fees paid, and for SCUs, public subsidies granted. CHAPTER III RIGHT TO ORGANIZE SEC. 8. Right to Organize among Themselves. Unity and collective effort being fundamental to the realization of common goal and the promotion and protection of common interest, the State recognizes the right of student to organize among themselves . . The rights of student to form, assist, or join any campus organization, alliance or federation, not contrary to the school mission, for their physical, intellectual, moral, cultural, spiritual and political interest shall not be abridged. SEC. 9. Student Council/Government. The State shall ensure the democratic and autonomous existence of student councils/governments. Pursuant thereto, there shall be one student council/government for each school campus, which shall be given recognition by the school, colleges and universities concerned. It shall have its own. set of officers elected in annual popular elections. Every student council/government shall have the right to determine its policies and program on student activities subject to this duly ratified charter or constitution, school rules and regulation, and state policy. SEC. 10. Recognition of and Granting of privileges to Student Organizations. No unreasonable requirements shall be imposed on student organizations seeking recognition. The guidelines concerning recognition shall be formulated by the Student Affairs Office in consultation with the student council. The process for seeking recognition shall begin upon the submission to the Student Affairs Office by the organization concerned on its (1) concept paper and constitution; and (2) a formal letter addressed to the Student Affairs stating that the organizations intent to be recognized. Recognition will be granted by the Students affairs Office upon compliance with the guidelines. There shall be no discrimination in the assignment of school facilities and granting of other privileges to student organizations. Excessive charges for the use of school facilities shall be prohibited. Whenever possible the school administration shall allow stud~nt organizations to use school facilities free of charge. SEC. 11. Coordination of Student Organizations Activities. All on and off campus activities of student organization shall be coordinated by the student council/government in consultation with the Student affairs office. The Committee on Elections (COMELEC) constituted to conduct the election of the officers of the student council/government shall be composed solely of bona fide student of the school. The conduct of the student council election shall be held in coordination with the Student Affairs Office. SEC. 12. Prohibition against the Use of Force and Exaction and Excessive. All campus organization shall be prohibited from using force in initiation and from exacting excessive fees from their members, as well as in their other students activities. CHAPTER IV RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN POLICY MAKING SEC. 13. Representation in policy-making process. The student shall be represented in policy-making bodies (other than the governing board) which directly affect their welfare, especially in curriculum review, student discipline and academic standards. The representatives shall be designed by the student council. SEC. 14. Student Initiative and Referendum. The student council/government through a majority vote of all the members of the student body shall have the right to initiate the formulation, modification or rejection of a school policy affecting the students. The proposition for the formulation, modification or rejection of a school policy affecting the students shall be submitted to and approved by a majority of votes casts by all bona fide students of the school in an areas shall be excluded from the power of students on initiative or referendum: (a) admission; (b) curriculum; gc) faculty recruitment and tenure; (d) rules on student conduct and discipline; (e) tuition fees; and (f) scholastic rules (e. g.academic credits and retention and graduation of students). CHAPTER V RIGHT TO FREE EXPRESSION AND INFORMATION AND RIGHT TO ACADEMIC FREEDOM , SEC. 15. Right to be Informed. The right of the student to be given information upon request on matters directly affecting their welfare shall be recog ·nized. SEC. 16. Freedom of Expression. Subject to existing laws and school rules and regulations, students shall have the right to freely express their view and opinions. SEC. 17. Academic Freedom. Students academic freedom shall subject to school rules and regulations and the exercise by the school and members of the faculty of their respective academic freedom, consist of, but is not limited to, the following rights: (a) To conduct research in connection with academic work, and to freely discuss and publish their findings and recommendations; (b) To conduct inquiry in curricular and extracurricular activities within the campus and in appropriate circumstances; (c) To choose a field of study for research and to pursue the quest for truth; to express their opinion on any subject of public or general concern which directly or indirectly affects the students of the educational system; (d) To invite off-campus speakers or resource persons to student sponsored assemblies, fora, symposia, and other activities of similar nature; (e) To express contrary interpretation or dissenting opinions inside and outside the classroom; (f) To participate in the drafting of a new curriculum and in the review or revision of the old; and (g) To participate in the drafting and/or revising of the student handbook which shall include the school rules and regulations, a copy of which shall be furnished the students upon admission to the school. , CHAPTER VI . RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS IN DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS . SEC. 18. Right to Due Process. (a) (b) A student subject tot disciplinary proceedings shall have the right to defend himself/herself, to be heard and to present evidence on his/her behalf before an impartial body. There shall be a Student Disciplinary Board to be composed of two (2) representatives form the school administration, one (1) faculty member, and two (2) students to conduct investigations into and decide on cases student violation of disciplinary standards. The blacklisting, expulsion, suspension and other such disciplinary sanctions that may be taken against a student shall not be valid unless the following rights have been observed: (1) the right to be informed in writing of the nature and cause of the accusations against his/her; (2) the right to confront witnesses against him/her and to have full access to the evidence on the case; (3) the right to defend himself/herself and to be defended by a represented or counsel of his/her choice, adequate time being given for the preparation of a defense; (4) the right to a hearing before the student Disciplinary Board; (5) the right against self incrimination; and (6) the right to appeal adverse decisions of the Student Disciplinary Board to the governing board and ultimately to the appropriate education agencies. (c) The decision in any disciplinary proceeding must be rendered in the basis of relevant and sUbstantial evidence presented at the hearing, or at least contained in the record and disclosed to the student affected. The deciding body must act on its own independent consideration of the facts of the case. The body should, in all controversial questions, render its decision in such a manner that the issues involved, and the reasons for any decision made are clear to the student. (d) Disciplinary sanctions shall be corrective rather publish on a periodic basis acts which are deem violate or school rules and regulations and the corresponding disciplinary sanctions do not violate the rights guaranteed herein and under the Constitution. CHAPTER VII OTHER RIGHTS SEC. 19. Right Against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures. Every student shall be free from any form of unreasonable search and seizure. Except for the following instances no search or seizure of a student shall be deemed valid: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Searches made at the point of ingress and egress by authorized personnel of the school. Searches and seizures of illegal article or articles falling in the plain view of duly authorized personnel; Searches and seizures of articles that are illegal, discovered inadvertently by duly authorized personnel; Searches made when the student is about to commit, is committing or has just committed a crime or a serious infraction of the schools rules and regulations; Searches made with a valid search warrant. Articles seized in violation of the here above mentioned provided rights shall not be used as evidence against the student in any disciplinary action that may be brought against him/her. SEC. 20. Access to School Records and Issuance of Official Certificates. Subject to the provision of the following section, every student shall have access to her/him own school record, the confidentiality of which the school shall  ·maintain. He/she shall have the right to be issued official certificates, diplomas, transcript of records, grades, transfer credentials and other similar documents within thirty (30) days from the filing of request and accomplishment of all pertinent requirements. SEC. 21. Unpaid Tuition Fees and Examination. No student shall be prohibited from taking a periodic or final examination because of unpaid tuition and other fees under the established terms of payment prescribed by the school concemed and approved by the appropriate education agency. Students with delinquent fees permitted to take an examination shall nevertheless be subject to the right of the school concerned to withhold the release or issuance of such students school records or of the documents mentioned in the preceding section or to deny such students admission at the next succeeding term or year until the prior delinquencies are fully paid.

Classical Mythology Essay -- essays research papers

Classical Mythology What would one think if he goes back in time to a period where myths were common? Would one believe it to be true or hold his own opinion? I would say it depends on the situation and on what type of myth it is. Classical period was full of myths. There were many aspects to mythology that were held important in the classical era. One of the most significant aspects of the Greek mythology was that it was the primary concept to put humans at the midpoint of the universe. Not like the animal deities of the Egyptians and Mesopotamians, the gods of the Greeks were human in form. Not only did they have human physical character, but they symbolized the touching flaws of humans as well. Unlike the gods of other ancient civilizations, Greek gods were not much omniscient and all-powerful, manifesting typical humans. To the Greeks, the life of the gods so closely resembled human life that the gods felt real and touchable, rather than impenetrable and distant. Even the most magical of Greek myths contain real-world elements: the supernatural Hercules lives in the very real city of Thebes, and the goddess Aphrodite is born in a spot any ancient tourist could visit, off the island of Cythera. In general, Greek myths involve less strange and frightening magic than the myths of other ancient civilizations. In this more normal world, individuals become heroes by virtue of bravery and strength rather than supernatural powers. Even though Greek myth lacks wizards and demoni... Classical Mythology Essay -- essays research papers Classical Mythology What would one think if he goes back in time to a period where myths were common? Would one believe it to be true or hold his own opinion? I would say it depends on the situation and on what type of myth it is. Classical period was full of myths. There were many aspects to mythology that were held important in the classical era. One of the most significant aspects of the Greek mythology was that it was the primary concept to put humans at the midpoint of the universe. Not like the animal deities of the Egyptians and Mesopotamians, the gods of the Greeks were human in form. Not only did they have human physical character, but they symbolized the touching flaws of humans as well. Unlike the gods of other ancient civilizations, Greek gods were not much omniscient and all-powerful, manifesting typical humans. To the Greeks, the life of the gods so closely resembled human life that the gods felt real and touchable, rather than impenetrable and distant. Even the most magical of Greek myths contain real-world elements: the supernatural Hercules lives in the very real city of Thebes, and the goddess Aphrodite is born in a spot any ancient tourist could visit, off the island of Cythera. In general, Greek myths involve less strange and frightening magic than the myths of other ancient civilizations. In this more normal world, individuals become heroes by virtue of bravery and strength rather than supernatural powers. Even though Greek myth lacks wizards and demoni...

Pentium 4 Essay -- Intel CPU Central Processing Units

Recently Intel introduced their newest line of the Pentium 4 processors with the new Prescott core. In this paper I will discuss how the Pentium 4 processor works and the changes that have been made since its release, but mainly on the modifications in the newest Pentium 4's with the Prescott core. I will also briefly compare the performance levels of some of the different types of Pentium 4's. The Pentium 4 line of processors encompasses a large range of clock speeds, from 1.7GHz up to 3.6GHz in the Prescott chip. Pentium 4's are all built with the same Netburst microarchitecture, but there are varieties of front side bus speeds, chip layout, and cores available. For example at 2.8GHz, one could choose from four different Pentium 4s: the 2.8GHz (a Northwood core with a 533MHz front-side bus), the 2.8C (Northwood again, but with an 800MHz bus), the 2.8A (Prescott with a 533MHz bus), or the 2.8E (Prescott with 800MHz bus). In all there are four types Pentium 4 versions that Intel has released each having slight improvements then the last. The first Pentium 4 (Willamette) was introduced in November 2000 to replace its predecessor the Pentium 3. The Pentium 4 was the first to have a totally new chip architecture since the 1995 Pentium Pro. The biggest difference being Intel's introduction of the Netburst microarchitecture, which involved structural changes that affected how processing takes place within the chip. Aspects of the changes include: a 20-stage pipeline, which boosts performance by increasing processor frequency; a rapid-execution engine, which doubles the core frequency and reduces latency by enabling each instruction to be executed in a half (rather than a whole) clock cycle; a 400 MHz system bus, which ena... ...helped immensely in offsetting Prescott's enlarged 31-stage pipeline, but did not entirely make up the gap. On balance, Prescotts are slightly slower than Northwoods. In time it is expected that the Prescott P4s will look relatively stronger as SSE3 instructions are adopted in more software application and, especially, as clock speeds rise. But it seems that the real strength of Prescott seems to lie in its Hyper-Threading performance. In the most of the multitasking tests, the Prescott performed better than the Northwood CPU. The Pentium 4 Extreme Edition was the best performer, but unfortunately it is also very expensive. The P4 Extreme Edition had the best results for content creation and video editing applications. Also as Intel suggested the P4 Extreme Edition performed very well for games, but I do not believe it is significant enough to warrant the extra cost.

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics refers to issues which influence a countries growth in terms of effecting positive impact. Microeconomic stability refers to the situation where by a country’s economic conditions are favorable and therefore conditions are conducive for growth. Population growth is often portrayed as causing poverty and environmental degradation, and thus population control is seen as a means of improving living standards. There is a growing concern amongst governments that the rate of population growth in most developing countries if not checked could continue jeopardizing the development in those countries by straining the budgets of those already struggling economies. Introduction. Population growth has been a subject of research for many decades as governments and other stakeholders seek means to bring population under check for it is widely assumed that it is related to poverty and environmental degradation. This paper explores the interrelatedness of population growth, poverty, and environment from a general perspective. Population growth implies the increase in the number of human beings in a given population per unit time (Lia & Jesse, 1998). Even though population growth can refer to increases of number of members in any given species, this paper shall limit itself to the discussion of human population. Population growth can be attributed to several aspects such as immigration and due to births which is viewed as a natural process. According to estimates from expert, the population growth in the world is currently at 200,000 people per day. Out of the current growth estimates, over 70 % of the increase is taking place in the developing countries. It is further estimated that, in the next 30 – 40 years, 2. 6 billion people will be added to today’s world estimate population of 6billion people. Currently, 65 percent of all worlds’ population lives on less than a dollar a day, in other words, in abject poverty. This indicates a positive relationship between and population growth and poverty in some areas. The relationship between the two variables lies in the fact that, human population depends on the environment for survival. If production remains constant over along period of time but in turn the population keeps on increasing, it gets to a point where the land can support no more people therefore any additional population is bound to suffer from want. This is especially so in the developing world where the main economic activity is dependent on land resources such agriculture. It is worthy noting that, population can also affect environment in other ways like the sprouting up of slums as a result of disproportionate population growth. This in turn causes people to turn into environmentally unsustainable practices to earn income. On the other side this poses a threat to health since in some cases it strains urban infrastructure for instance the city of Nairobi, the city was designed to cater for a population of 1. million people, the current population is 3 times more. The resulting effect is that, the infrastructures as well as social amenities are overstretched and unless expanded proportionally, such pose negative challenges to the environment. It is not fair to link all population growth to poverty and environmental degradation. Taking the case of some Asian countries, they have experienced a population growth and at the same t ime, improved living standards attributed to booming economies. On the other hand, a country may experience population growth without the growth impacting negatively on the environment as long as corrective measures are taken to prevent environmental degradation. Effects of population in rural areas. Clearing forest or virgin land to pave way for cultivation to support the excess population is the commonest effect of population growth on environment. This becomes an environmental concern in that it may touch on water catchment areas as well as steep lands therefore catalyzing soil erosion. The other effect could be ecological displacement of animal and plant species from their natural habitats. On the other hand population growth may result to poverty in that if the population depends on the land for income, population growth may mean over sharing of resources meaning that productivity of the land is affected ( Silanga, 2003p. 565). This scenario is especially common in sub Saharan Africa where a big percentage of the population live in rural areas. However, not all such environment woes should be associated with population growth. Effects of population in urban areas. This is of relevance since over half of the world population live in urban settlements and it is in the urban setting whereby population growth rate is high something occasioned by immigration as well as natural process. An exponential population growth may not reflect in jobs creation something which means that more and more people fall into the population trap since they do not have meaning full employment and are forced to live in semi permanent houses in slum areas . Environment may be affected by pollution resulting from economic and industrial processes. Role of population control and population growth. Population control refers to the methods applied to populations to reduce the rate of increase of individuals in a population. Family planning is the commonest method. It involves use of biological methods such as pills, hormone injection as well as tubal ligation. It controls population growth in that, individuals can control their reproduction patterns and avoid giving births to unwanted and unplanned babies. This has proved successful almost every where in the world with some countries reporting negative population growths. If proper population control measures are effected, the problems associated with population growth are solved hence the relevance of population control to population growth. Conclusion. The population – environment – poverty axis is a complex microeconomic issue phenomena which requires further research especially due to the fact that other factors affect the situation and any objective study must look into other factors in play as well. Meanwhile there s need for controlled population growth to check on population growth whose effect in most cases is negative.

Deterrence and Integration The essays

Deterrence and Integration The essays Some theorists have generally viewed integration as a process leading to a condition called political community, in the international level, as primarily consensual, or based principally on the development of shared norms, values, interests, or goals. According to some theorists the world of the twentieth century was characterised by growing numbers of technical issues that could be resolved only by cooperative action across state boundaries. Such issues could best be addressed by highly trained specialists or technicians, rather than by politicians, because such pressing problems could be addressed outside the politicised context of ideology or nationalism. Also according to these theorists, it was essential to have a cooperation. This functional cooperation would come necessary international institutions, in the form of organisations and regimes, based on multilateralism in the terminology of many of Functionalist theorists. Later another group of theorists emerged, Neo-functionalist theorists. Their principal contribution lies in the explanation, modification, and testing of hypotheses about integration. The major emphasis is placed on the role of political parties and interest groups and the extend to which political elites in the units to be integrated support or oppose integration. Neo-functionalist theory, within its European Union context, attaches major importance to an integrative process leading ultimately to a federation or political union. Functionalist theory has been the object of several kinds of criticism and modifications: that it is difficult, if not impossible, to separate the economic and social tasks from the political that governments have shown themselves unwilling to hand over to international authority tasks that encroach on the political that certain economic and social tasks do not spill over into the political sector ...

The Economics of Sales Taxes

The Economics of Sales Taxes The Glossary of Economics Terms defines a sales tax as a tax levied on the sale of a good or service, which is usually proportional to the price of the good or service sold. The Two Types of Sales Taxes Sales taxes come in two varieties. The first is a consumption tax or retail sales tax which is a straight percentage tax placed on the sale of a good. These are the traditional type of sales tax.The second type of sales tax is a value added tax. On a value-added tax (VAT), the net tax amount is the difference between the input costs and the sales price. If a retailer pays $30 for a good from a wholesaler and charges the customer $40, then the net tax is only placed on the $10 difference. VATs are used in Canada (GST), Australia (GST) and all member countries of the European Union (EU VAT). Sales Tax - What Advantages Do Sales Taxes Have? The biggest advantage to sales taxes are how economically efficient they are in collecting a single dollar of revenue for the government - that is, they have the smallest negative impact on the economy per dollar collected. Sales Tax - Evidence of Advantages In an article about taxation in Canada a 2002 Fraser Institute study was cited on the marginal efficiency cost of various taxes in Canada. They found that per dollar collected, corporate income taxes did $1.55 in damage to the economy. Income taxes were somewhat more efficient in only doing $0.56 worth of damage per dollar collected. Sales taxes, however, came out on top with only $0.17 in economic damage per dollar collected. Sales Taxes - What Disadvantages Does a Sales Tax Have? The biggest drawback to sales taxes, in the eyes of many, are that they are a regressive tax - A tax on income in which the proportion of tax paid relative to income decreases as income increases. The regressivity  problem can be overcome, if desired, through the use of rebate cheques and tax exemptions on necessities. The Canadian GST uses both of these mechanisms to reduce the regressivity tax. The FairTax Sales Tax Proposal Due to the advantages inherent in using sales taxes, it is not surprising that some believe that the United States should base their entire tax system on sales taxes rather than income taxes. The FairTax, if implemented would replace most U.S. taxes with a national sales tax at a 23-percent tax inclusive (equivalent to a 30-percent tax exclusive) rate. Families would also be issued prebate cheques as to eliminate the inherent regressivity of a sales tax system.

Marketing Research Energy Drink Market Brazil Essay Essay Example

Marketing Research Energy Drink Market Brazil Essay Essay Example Marketing Research Energy Drink Market Brazil Essay Essay Marketing Research Energy Drink Market Brazil Essay Essay Essay Topic: House on Mango Street The intent of this research was to measure possible chances of administering new energy drink V-Fusion+Energy ® in Brazil. Having performed secondary market research. we were able to analyse economic. political. legal. cultural. and societal factors that affect Brazil’s concern environment. We besides explored current market chances in Brazil and performed elaborate analysis of energy drink industry in Brazil and competition. During the research we gathered secondary informations published by US and Brazilian authorities bureaus. US Commercial Service. selling research bureaus. every bit good as information from concern intelligence and private companies’ web sites ( such as Coca-Cola. Red Bull. etc ) . Based on collected information. we concluded that although there is a figure of challenges in the Brazilian market that create complex concern environment and obstructions for US exporters. energy drink industry in Brazil is in origin phase and therefore offers a good growing potency. After choosing and specifying the mark market. we were able to develop proposals for international promotional scheme. to depict concern and selling challenges and to supply elaborate solution options. INTRODUCTION V-Fusion+Energy ® is a new energy drink made with fruit and vegetable juice and green tea infusion. It is a healthy option to high-caffeine and high-sugar energy drinks because it contains one combined helping of veggies and fruit. is an first-class beginning of B vitamins. has merely 50 Calories and no added sugar or unreal colourss. spirits or preservatives. The merchandise presently distributed in United States ( Wal-Mart and other food market and retail shops ) . The intent of this research is to research chances of administering V-Fusion+Energy ® in Brazil. We selected Brazil as a possible market because it is Latin America’s biggest economic system accounting for 60 % of its GDP and 7th largest economic system in the universe with population of about 200 million. strong domestic demand for American goods and turning in-between category. With GDP growing of about $ 2. 5 trillion in 2011 harmonizing to The White House ( 2012 ) . we believe this market offers first-class growing chances for US companies. Its in-between category and ingestion has grown enormously in past decennary – as per Searchlight Process ( 2012 ) 40 million people has joined in-between category between 2003 and 2011 and 20 million are expected to be included by 2014. In add-on. there is a clear penchant for American-produced goods to domestic goods in Brazil – they demand trade names for all merchandises from high tech and dress merchandises of Apple and Nike to drinks of Coca Cola. The betterment in substructure is expected in the following 2 old ages as Brazil prepares for the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympics in 2016 – it will pass one million millions in substructure development of its roads. railwaies. ports. and airdromes. Harmonizing to US Commercial Service ( 2011 ) . despite marks of betterment there are a figure of challenges in the Brazilian market create complex concern environment and create obstructions for US exporters. such as uneven income distribution. jobs in public instruction. disproportion of market concentration. and â€Å"grey economy† that hinders revenue enhancement aggregation and maintain economic growing from making its full potency. In add-on. making concern in Brazil requires understanding of local concern patterns such as inexplicit costs of making concern referred to as â€Å"Custo Brasil† – costs related to distribution. authorities processs. employee benefits. and complex revenue enhancement construction. Complex imposts system along with high duty barriers that increase consumer monetary values up to 100 % . and overloaded legal system with drawn-out procedures is another challenge US companies are confronting. As per US Commercial Service ( 2011 ) . The World Bank ranks Brazil 127 out of 183 economic systems in the universe in footings of easiness of making concern. However. if these challenges are accounted and approached with proper solutions. we believe entryway in Brazil market may be highly profitable and good for US companies in general and Campbell with its advanced merchandise V-Fusion+Energy ® in peculiar. CURRENT ECONOMIC. POLITICAL. CULTURAL. SOCIAL AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT IN BRAZIL Economic Environment. Brazil is Latin America’s most influential state and one of the lifting economic powers together with Russia. China and India ( besides known as BRIC nations ) . Almost dual size the European Union ( 8. 5 million square kilometres ) . with rich in militias of natural resources ( Fe ore. manganese. bauxite. Ni. U. gemstones. oil. wood. and aluminium. and 14 % of the world’s renewable fresh H2O ) . and with over 300 million hectares of agricultural land in favourable clime conditions. Brazil takes a relevant place in planetary market. Harmonizing to Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs ( 2011 ) . Brazil’s consistent growing from 2002 to 2009 when its existent GDP about doubled ( from US $ 724 billion to US $ 1. 5 trillion ) . and economy’s solid public presentation during 2008 fiscal crisis followed by strong recovery ( including 2010 growing of 7. 5 % ) contributed to states passage from a regional to planetary power. Although GDP growing in Brazil slowed down ( 2. 7 % in 2011 vs. 7. 5 % in 2010 ) and harmonizing to the Colitt ( 2012 ) its industrial end product has contracted 3. 4 % from last twelvemonth. the economic system is the world’s seventh-largest and is expected to lift to fifth within the following several old ages. As noted by Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs ( 2011 ) . during the disposal of former President Lula. billowing exports. economic growing. and societal plans helped raise 10s of 1000000s of Brazilians out of poorness. For the first clip. a bulk of Brazilians are now middle-class. and domestic ingestion has become an of import driver of Brazilian growing. President Dilma Rousseff. who took office in January 2011. has indicated her purpose to go on the former president’s economic policies. including sound financial direction. rising prices control. and a floating exchange rate. Colitt ( 2012 ) states that Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff is implementing policies aimed to protect Brazilian industry – increasing responsibilities on imported goods like places. fabrics. and electronics. but non seting adequate attempt into repairing local substructure. The fiscal sector is unafraid and provides local houses with a broad scope of fiscal merchandises. yet involvement rates remain among the highest in the universe. Due to high involvement rates investors that have been purchasing Brazilian high-yielding bonds have driven up the Real doing it a really strong. This in bend. has made imports more favourable for US companies and exports more expensive for Brazil. which increased Brazil’s trade shortage to $ 92. 5 billion in 2011. As per The White House ( 2012 ) . U. S. goods exports to Brazil hold more than tripled since 2002. turning from $ 12. 4 billion in 2002 to $ 42. 9 billion in 2011 ( largest classs are machinery. aircraft. and plastics ) . As noted by Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs ( 2011 ) . Brazil has one of the most advanced industrial sectors in Latin America. Accounting for approximately tierce of the GDP. Brazil’s diverse industries include cars and parts. machinery and equipment. fabrics. places. cement. computing machines. aircraft. and consumer durable goodss. Brazil continues to be a major universe provider of trade goods and natural resources. with important operations in timber. Fe ore. Sn. other minerals. and petrochemicals. However. high rising prices ( 7. 3 % in October 2011 – above the upper bound of the government’s mark of 2. 5 % -6. 5 % ) is a cause of highly high cost of runing the fabrication ( due to high monetary values of energy. natural stuffs and rewards ) . which makes it really hard for Brazilian industries to be competitory in the universe markets. Harmonizing to Alberto Ramos. head Latin America economic expert at GS. fabrication industry is non a competitory advantage of Brazil and it should airt its resources into Fieldss where it is competitory. like services. agriculture and trade goods. Brazil has a diverse and sophisticated services industry. including developed telecommunications. banking. energy. commercialism. and calculating sectors. And most significantly. Brazil is by and large unfastened to and encourages foreign investing -it is the largest receiver of foreign direct investing ( FDI ) in Latin America. and the United States is traditionally the top foreign investor in Brazil – United States is a major provider with over 15 % of Brazil’s imports. Political Environment. The current construction of the Brazilian authorities is a Federative democracy with 26 provinces and ferine territory. governed by a presidential system in which the president is both caput of province and caput of authorities ( elections are based on a four-year term ) . Brazil has become independent in September 7. 1822 and promulgated its fundamental law in October 5. 1988. The 1988 fundamental law grants wide powers to the federal authorities. made up of executive. legislative. and judicial subdivisions. As summarized by Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs ( 2011 ) . there are 81 senators. three for each province and the Federal District. and 513 deputies. Senate footings are 8 old ages. staggered so that two-thirds of the upper house is up for election at one clip and one-third 4 old ages subsequently. Chamber footings are 4 old ages. with elections based on a complex system of relative representation by provinces. Each province is eligible for a lower limit of eight seats ; the largest province deputation ( Sao Paulo’s ) is capped at 70 seats. This system is weighted in favour of geographically big but sparsely populated provinces. In Congress. 15 political parties are represented doing it common for politicians to exchange parties. The largest political parties are the Workers’ party ( PT ) . Democrats ( DEM ) . Brazilian Democratic Movement Party ( PMDB-center ) . Brazilian Social Democratic Party ( PSDB ) . Progressive Party ( PP ) . Brazilian Labor Party ( PTB ) . Liberal Party ( PL ) . Brazilian Socialist Party ( PSB ) . Popular Socialist Party ( PPS ) . Democratic Labor Party ( PDT ) . and the Communist Party of Brazil ( PCdoB ) . Major labour brotherhood federations include the Workers’ Unitary Central. the Workers’ General Confederation ( CGT ) . and the Forca Sindical ( FS ) . As listed in World Guide ( 1997 ) . there is a assortment of labour brotherhoods and national. spiritual and professional associations that people in Brazil belong to: Brazil is one of the establishing members of the United Nations. the G20. CPLP. Latin Union. the Organization of Ibero-American States. and Union of South American Nations. One of its chief ends is to supply assistance to developing states and is estimated to be $ 1 Billion per twelvemonth. As per Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs ( 2011 ) . to farther increase its international profile ( both politically and economically ) . the Rousseff disposal is besides seeking expanded trade ties with developing states. every bit good as a strengthening of the Mercosul ( Mercosur in Spanish ) imposts brotherhood with Uruguay. Paraguay. and Argentina. Brazil is a charter member of the United Nations and participates in its specialised bureaus. Cultural and Social Environments. The official linguistic communication of Brazil is Lusitanian and it is most widely used linguistic communication. However you may happen less common linguistic communications like Spanish. German. Italian. and Nipponese. But many Brazilian executives speak English. since many of them have studied abroad in the United States or Europe. Understanding Brazilian civilization. societal environment and concern etiquette is indispensable for successfully making concern in Brazil. Anybody who is making concern with Brazilians should be cognizant of the assorted cultural and structural barriers which might face them. Harmonizing to survey made by University of Illinois ( 2010 ) . constructs of category and position are really strong in Brazil and can find the place a individual may take in the company. which implies that Brazilians allow inequality in their companies. Although communicating between high and low degree employees is frequently informal. everyone is cognizant of societal hierarchies. When carry oning concern it is of import to retrieve that the Brazilian household ( frequently household members working for the same company ) is the foundation of their societal construction and it forms the basic stableness for most Brazilian people. Because of this. Brazilians need to cognize whom they are making concern with before they can efficaciously work together. so inquiries about person’s personal life. household. and company should be expected. Relationships are highly of import to Brazilians. by constructing close forces relationships and edifice trust. foreign business communities and investors will hold a greater opportunity of success in making concern in Brazil. Harmonizing to the information gathered and provided by Kwitessential ( 2010 ) . although the communicating is really informal. some simple regulations of etiquette must be followed. Although concern assignments can be scheduled on the short notice. it is best to schedule them two to three hebdomads in progress and corroborate them in composing since it is non uncommon for assignments to be cancelled or changed at the last minute. It is of import to look on clip for meeting in Sao Paulo. nevertheless. in Rio de Janeiro and other metropoliss it is acceptable to get a few proceedingss tardily for a meeting. During debut it is really of import to be prepared for a batch of handshakings when stating hello and pass or a buss in the cheeks between work forces and adult females. It is of import to observe that since concern in Brazil is hierarchal. so determinations are made by highest ranking individual which may non be ever present – senior directors normally attend merely initial meetings ( and anticipate to run into person higher ranked as good ) . Harmonizing to survey in Ethisphere ( 2008 ) . people in US and Brazil differ in ethical orientation and hence. before come ining Brazil we should be cognizant of ethically disputing state of affairss and set up schemes on how to cover with possible corruptness in front of clip. It is of import to understand Brazillian â€Å"Jeitinhio Brasileiro† manner of believing – their inclination to look for options to make something that in our eyes seems improper. which seldom require payoffs and is non considered corruptness. but more like an alternate manner of carry throughing aims when facing excessively stiff regulations. Legal Environment. Brazil is organized as a Federal Republic and its legal system is based on Roman civil codification. which implies that all Torahs that discipline all sorts of state of affairss are antecedently written and made populace. Besides the Federal Constitutions. which consists of 250 articles that outline citizens’ cardinal rights and warrants. the political and administrative organisation of the Federal Republic of Brazil. the single domains of authorization of the Executive. Legislative and Judicial subdivisions. revenue enhancement system and the cardinal labour rights. there chief legal paperss are the Codes: Civil Code. the Tax Code. the Penal Code and the Civil Procedure Code. The Civil Code comprises over 2000 articles modulating affairs such as Duties and Contracts. Businesss and Corporations. Real Estate and related belongings rights. and many others. The Tax Code defines the chief Brazilian revenue enhancement ordinances. which are complemented by many Federal. State and Municipal Torahs. The Penal Code brings the definitions of behaviors considered offenses and the penalties for anyone suiting the several legal descriptions. Finally. the Civil Procedure Code regulates the due procedure of jurisprudence. There is a assortment of legal limitations for foreign companies carry oning concern in Brazil. which pushed many companies towards partnerships with qualified agents or distributers when come ining the Brazilian. First. a foreign company must obtain written permission to run a subdivision in Brazil. therefore joint ventures are normally more popular than independent entities. To avoid possible legal jobs. US Commercial Service ( 2011 ) recommends U. S. companies have a written understanding to assist exporters limit liability for merchandise defects. protect a hallmark. better guarantee payments. and define guarantee footings. and consult with a Brazilian jurisprudence house before subscribing any understanding. Taxes in Brazil are really favourable compared to the U. S. The current corporate income revenue enhancement rate is 15 % regardless of the corporation’s concern but with a 10 % auxiliary revenue enhancement on the part of net net incomes that exceeds R $ 20. 000. 00 per month. The chief stock exchange in Brazil is the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange ( â€Å"Bovespa† ) . â€Å"Securities. such as portions. commercial documents. unsecured bonds. investing fund quotas and derived functions. are traded on Bovespa. † Besides. it is of import to observe that. harmonizing to a concern study conducted by PriceWaterhouse Coopers ( 2009 ) . 70 per centum of houses in Brazil study holding spent at least 3 per centum of grosss on payoffs. Most of these payoffs are to hasten processs. particular intervention or entree to traditional minutess. Although today many companies in Brazil. particularly those that operate internationally. are contending against corruptness ( for ex: companies subscribing Brazilian Pact for Integrity and against Corruption ) . and Federal agents have been effectual in patroling illegal behaviour ( which helped Brazil accomplish â€Å"moderate† evaluation in 2009 Global Integrity Report ) . corruptness. governmental inefficiency. legal and bureaucratic complications remain existent and really sensitive issues in Brazil that cause a great defeat to the international concern people. INDUSTRY AND COMPETITORS OVERVIEW. Energy Drink industry in Brazil is in origin phase and therefore offers a good growing potency for a company administering new energy drink merchandises like V-Fusion+Energy ® . Harmonizing to Russell ( 2012 ) . energy drinks was the fastest turning soft drinks class in Brazil in 2010. with 33 per centum growing in value term. Furthermore. Brazil is still a little market for energy drinks with off-trade volume gross revenues of 31 million litres in 2010. which corresponds to 1 % of planetary volume. As Russell ( 2012 ) points out. new merchandise launches with new placements and lower monetary value points. and increased handiness. intend that the market is tipped for growing. Although some wellness concerns have been voiced sing energy drink ingestion. peculiarly when associated with intoxicant. there is no indicant that the class is geting a negative image in Brazil. Russell ( 2012 ) explains. There new tendencies in Brazil’s population proportion and its ingestion forms besides create chance in energy drink industry: in-between category and ingestion has grown enormously in past decennary – as per Searchlight Process ( 2012 ) 40 million people has joined in-between category between 2003 and 2011 and 20 million are expected to be included by 2014. As of today. out of 200 million Brazilians over 52 per centum are a portion of in-between category. whose combined monthly household income ranges between US $ 600 ( R $ 1. 000 ) and US $ 2. 400 ( R $ 4. 000 ) . Furthermore. harmonizing to Secretariat of Strategic Affairs of the Presidency of Brazil ( SAE ) in-between category is preponderantly comprised of immature people less than 30 old ages old. with formal employment and disposable income. largely shacking in urban countries and showing strong penchant for American trade names. With this in head. harmonizing to Russel ( 2012 ) . Euromonitor predicts that transnational makers will get down to put more in the state to countervail lethargy in other markets. Brazil could be one of the top five markets worldwide for energy drinks. harmonizing to Euromonitor. Gross saless of energy drinks are predicted to turn in entire volume at 14 % per twelvemonth on norm between 2010 and 2015. The biggest challenge in energy drink industry for US exporter is the monetary value construction due to complex imposts system along with high duty barriers that increase consumer monetary values up to 100 % . As per US Commercial Service ( 2011 ) . in some instances costs are so high that a simple computation may bespeak that US exporter’s border will non let them to vie with local merchandises. Thus. some US companies work on low borders and implement efficient supply concatenation systems aimed to lower operation costs. Red Bull. for illustration. whose drink already holds lead place in Brazil’s energy drink market with 59. 6 per centum volume portion. is constructing a production works in Brazil to take high duties from its monetary value construction and be able to increase its net income borders while take downing retail monetary values and increasing gross revenues volumes. Besides Red Bull. who dominates Brazil’s energy drink market with 59. 6 per centum volume portion. the chief rivals are US based transnational elephantine The Coca-Cola Co. with its merchandise â€Å"Burn Energy† taking 11. 7 % portion and German Lizur Trading’s â€Å"Flash Power energy† taking 4. 8 % portion. and new Gladiator with no gross revenues figures available but with promising consequences. Harmonizing to Euromonitor International ( 2010 ) . the newer trade name Gladiator is one of the fastest turning soft drinks trade names. As the company has monolithic distribution substructure. it can go the toughest challenger in the industry in the average term. Selling activity and optimisation of logistics and distribution channels are likely to be explored by the chief participants in energy drink industry over the following few old ages. Austrian company Red Bull has created the planetary market for energy drinks. and the pioneering Red Bull trade name became synonymous with energy drinks for a big figure of consumers. including Brazilians. Harmonizing to Euromonitor International ( 2010 ) . despite lifting competition. Red Bull GmbH continues to comfortably take the planetary energy drinks market by both volume and value. Red Bull is produced at a individual installation in Austria and so distributed around the universe via a web of local subordinates and external importers and distributers. Therefore. Red Bull imports its merchandise to Brazil through a distributer and adds high costs of responsibilities. energy and logistics cost to its monetary values. which makes it unaffordable for some low-income consumers in Brazil. Besides. Euromonitor International ( 2010 ) advises that the company aims to capitalise on the current consumer tendency towards â€Å"natural† ingredients. and targets an older consumer group that is typically more interested in merchandise ingredients than younger consumers. Therefore. it is clear that industry leader sees chance in spread outing its merchandise portfolio to aim wellness witting consumers. which means that V-Fusion+Energy ® has a great chance in this market if introduced foremost. Coca Cola competes on Brazil’s energy drink market with Burn Energy – a new Swedish high-energy drink oriented on immature population ( 20-24 ) with its fashionable design and publicity associated with celebrated dj’s. parties in celebrated nines in Brazil and music festivals. Besides the attractive image. added native Brazilian high caffeine guarana infusion entreaties to Brazilians. Coca Cola has really efficient distribution web in Brazil and 46 makers strategically located in all parts of the state guaranting the supply of about one million points of sale. To sum up information provided on official web site of Coca-Cola in Brazil. Division Brazil is one of the four major operations of Coca-Cola executing in Brazil since 1942. Besides Coca-Cola. there are 16 independent concern groups. called authorised makers. in add-on to the Junior Lion and Del Valle. who draw up the concluding merchandise in its 46 workss and administer them to retail mercantile establishments. This construction allows Coca-Cola to derive efficiency in fabrication and distribution. avoid high duties and bureaucratic import barriers. therefore minimising costs and consumers retail monetary values. SELECTION AND ANALYSIS OF TARGET MARKET As we mentioned earlier. wellness and energy section of drink market has been turning strongly in Latin American states including Brazil. Surveies have shown that the alteration in consumer wealth and behaviour has driven the wellness and energy markets to be viewed as the most promising section of the drinks industry. More than two-thirds of Brazilians are concerned with their energy degrees and seek to pull off fatigue. With the new V8+Energy people can look frontward to basking a combined helping of veggies and fruit with the sum of caffeine that is comparable to the taking energy drink or a cup of java. By aiming upper and in-between category we will be able range out to over 80 million of people populating in Brazil. Huge difference between rich and hapless is the direct ground why societal categories have such relevancy for sectioning human ecology in Brazil. Novias ( 2011 ) classified modern-day Brazilian society from letters A-E. as follows: 1. Educational Level Classes A and B: normally composed by those who completed higher instruction. The younger coevalss of these categories tend to be fluent in several linguistic communications. Class C: most people in this category have finished high school and there is besides a important measure of people who completed higher instruction or at least have a proficient degree grade. Class D: people who have non finished high school. Class Tocopherol: people who have non finished simple school and illiterate people. 2. Occupation. The educational degrees antecedently presented support the degree of entry among five different categories. This employment relationship is presented as: Class Angstrom: composed by bankers. investors. concern proprietors. major landholders and people with extraordinary accomplishments for the industry they operate in. Class B: composed by managers and directors. politicians. Judgess. justnesss. prosecuting officers. good calibrated professors. physicians. good qualified applied scientists and attorneies. etc. Class C: composed by those who provide services straight to the wealthier groups. such as instructors. directors. mechanics. linemans. nurses. etc. Class D: composed by people who provide services to Class C. such as maidservants. barmans. bricklayers. people who work for the civil building companies. little shops Sellerss. low-paid drivers. etc. Class Tocopherol: composed by people who earn minimal wages. such as cleaners. street sweepers. and besides by unemployed people. Our primary mark is classes A-C. Consumers in these categories are hardworking people ( ages 18-35 ) that have proper instruction to cognize the benefits of imbibing V-Fusion+Energy ® and want a smart. healthy. and effectual manner to derive their energy back. In footings of the geographic locations there are some parts where there is a strong laterality of categories D and E like the North. Northeast and Central-West parts in which we will non concentrate on. However. it is the larger metropoliss such as Sao Paulo in which societal differences are largely seeable and is where many of the upper categories are found. every bit good as Brasilia. capital of Brazil. Our age cleavage can change largely because the V-Fusion+Energy ® drink can be consumed by about anyone at any age. Made with natural ingredients. it is healthy for any age group to imbibe including immature teens from ages 12-19 every bit good as for seniors. However. our primary mark is working societal categories A-C that belong to 18-35 age group and adolescents who are following newest tendencies. involvement and vernal life style. PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY Introducing Acai Berry Flavor. In order to place the merchandise to the Brazilian people. we will present a new spirit of V8 Fusion Energy: Acai Berry. Acai is the most popular fruit in Brazil. and it is enjoyed throughout the twelvemonth by both immature and old. By making an acai spirit. we will be able to spread out our market. because our merchandise will appeal to all Brazilians. We will besides pull more clients to our mark market. largely healthy persons who exercise on a regular basis. Acai is one of the healthiest fruits in the universe: it contains powerful antioxidants that can assist support the organic structure against life’s stressors. It besides contains anthocyanin and flavonoids. which play a cardinal function in the body’s cell protection system. assist decelerate down the aging procedure. and may advance fat loss. All these wellness benefits are the ground why acai is frequently referred to as a â€Å"super fruit† by dieticians. Processing the acai fruit into an energy drink does necessitate clip and resources. but sing that Brazil is an upper-middle-income state with a freshly. rapid industrialising economic system ( Keegan ) . we have determined that the acai scheme will be successful. Placing our merchandise by including something that everyone in Brazil is familiar with and bask will be a successful initial promotional scheme. It will specify our mark market. because of acai’s wellness benefits. It will besides spread out the market. since many people will purchase and imbibe our merchandise. merely because they enjoy the spirit of acai berry. Carnival. The Rio Carnival is the perfect topographic point to market out V-8 Fusion Energy drink. We will be sing a twosome of schemes at the Rio Carnival: 1 ) we will hold our gross revenues employees offer people the drink for free. and 2 ) we will busy little sellers. located around the carnival and sell our merchandise at that place. Free sampling will originate the publicity of our drink. We have strong belief in the quality and gustatory sensation of our merchandise. which is why we believe that one time people try it. they will be returning clients. The 2nd scheme will be used for clients desiring to seek the other great spirits of our merchandise: Peach Mango. and Pomegranate Blueberry. This scheme will besides be used as primary research. We will be closely monitoring our gross revenues. sing factors such as: location of seller and spirit of drink. Employees will roll up the informations electronically. which will be used to find which spirit is more popular in which country. We will besides hold employees conduct experimental studies. They will be composing down informations of approximative age of clients. every bit good as their facial looks after imbibing. to assist find if clients enjoyed our merchandise. Soccer – Campeonato Brasileiro. The most popular athletics in Brazil is association football. It is so popular. that it is non even considered a athletics ; it’s a manner of life for most Brazilians. Soccer is played everyplace: on the streets. on the beach. in Parks. and in professional association football nines. Professional association football participants in Brazil are the most celebrated and recognized people in the state. This is why we plan to advance V8 Fusion Energy through professional association football squads We will offer a contract to the professional squad – Santos to put our merchandise name on the forepart of their uniforms. Santos is presently the squad with the best-selling New Jersey and dress in Brazil. and we would wish to be associated with a popular. winning squad. Research has showed that when a merchandise is associated with a successful squad. gross revenues addition every bit good. We will besides offer personal contracts to one or two star participants from the squad. They will play a cardinal portion in our advertisement commercials and promotional runs throughout the state. Our vision is to advance V-Fusion+Energy ® as a healthy beginning of energy and addition strong place on energy drink market in the state. therefore we see enormous possible to market our merchandise in the professional association football conference. Brazil does non hold a specific drink associated with athleticss ( such as Gatorade in the United States ) . We will utilize an aggressive market scheme and do our V8 Energy Fusion the official drink of Brazilian association football perchance athleticss in general. Our merchandise will be placed on the out of boundss of all games. Players coming in and out of the game will imbibe our merchandise for energy and hydration. Our end is for people to tie in our merchandise with energy. success. and wellness. which is precisely what V8 Fusion Energy is – a healthy energy drink for success! Business AND Selling CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS To accomplish a successful result in establishing the V-Fusion+Energy ® merchandise in Brazil. it is indispensable to foreground the barriers to entry and selling challenges. We have identified three cardinal countries that present a challenge ; un-even income distribution. public perceptual experience and consumer instruction. and a foreign judicial system that includes a complex revenue enhancement system and proving usage Torahs. First. un-even income distribution in society refers to the ownership of the production factors and the monetary value the proprietors get in the market. Concentrating on this issue consequences good sing we can’t set our merchandise out at that place if the consumer population does non hold a stable income in the different metropoliss or countries. and the production cost are unknown. Therefore. in order to cut down production costs we can make a joint venture with a preexistent Brazilian drink companies. moreover. we will concentrate on the local agribusiness ; I. e invest in local agribusiness.

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New ideas of 15 groups of people in retailing Essay

New ideas of 15 groups of people in retailing - Essay Example Notably, improving the store policies will enhance effectiveness, cohesion, and utilization of the available space and resources in the retail. The proposed ideas are effective, essential, and yields positive results within a short time. We should try our best to invite past customers to come back to shop. We can achieve this by addressing their queries and establishing constant communication with them for purposes of understanding their views on our retailing and store keeping. We can also get the past customers back to our retail by sending surveys with rewards to them. This will include short phone surveys that will derive important information on customers’ views, likes, and dislikes about the store and products with an aim of increasing the efficiency of the store. As an enticement, we can offer them cash rewards for any goods they buy from the store. This will encourage past customers to present their grievances and offer the management an opportunity to offer remedies for bad experiences with an aim of preventing target customers from such experiences. Ideally, this strategy has been effective in many organizations and departments since it enhances efficient customer service, address to customers’ feedback, and enable the store to meet the customers’ needs. Past customers will pass the effectiveness to target customers. Present customers define the growth, turnover, market position, competitiveness, and success of the retail. As such, the store must strive to address and satisfy their needs by making their shopping experience enjoyable and reducing complaints and unpleasant experiences. In maintaining the present customers, we should make an urban outfitters loyalty program. Many stores have membership card. Urban outfitters store does not. We should encourage them to subscribe to the membership of our store by

The most common factors causing therapeutic compliance Research Paper

The most common factors causing therapeutic compliance - Research Paper Example The study problem is a discussion of therapeutic compliance among patients. This means that the research has to do with pharmaceutical issues. Coincidentally, all four researchers have professions relating to pharmacology. With a research problem that relates to the professional background of the researchers therefore, it was highly expected that the researchers would display personal pre-understandings of the research problem. Reading through the research article however, it can be seen that almost all ideas, findings and philosophical analysis presented in the research work were taken from secondary sources without any prelude to researchers’ existing knowledge or experience. The researchers worked around three major pharmaceutical terms, which were treatment refusal, patient compliance, and patient dropouts. All these are terms that relates to everyday patient-pharmacists interactions. It was expected therefore that the researchers would give broader overview of their perso nal understandings and previous experiences as practicing professional in this regard but this did not happen. Generally, the quality of the literature review will be said to be outstanding. The general approach adapted by the researchers was to conduct research searches to come out with expected results on factors leading to the achievement of the research purpose. In this regard, it was expected that the researchers would conduct a thoroughly researched literature review. On the whole, â€Å"a total of 102 articles was retrieved and used in the review from the 2095 articles identified by the literature review process† (Jin, Sklar, Oh and Li, 2008). A critical assessment of the 102 articles that were eventually selected and used by the researchers show that most of the articles were not more than a decade old. Some of these include Benner et al 2002, Apter et al 2003, Opolka et al 2003, Spikmans et al 2003, Butterworth et al 2004, Kaplan et al 2004, Dominick et al 2005, Horn e and Weinman 1999, Ghods and Nasrollahzadeh 2003 and Senior et al 2004. With such current literature works, the researchers were sure to have an updated portfolio of information to work with. In pharmaceutical circles, research on drugs and patient behavior keep changing by the day. For this reason, when

New ideas of 15 groups of people in retailing Essay

New ideas of 15 groups of people in retailing - Essay Example Notably, improving the store policies will enhance effectiveness, cohesion, and utilization of the available space and resources in the retail. The proposed ideas are effective, essential, and yields positive results within a short time. We should try our best to invite past customers to come back to shop. We can achieve this by addressing their queries and establishing constant communication with them for purposes of understanding their views on our retailing and store keeping. We can also get the past customers back to our retail by sending surveys with rewards to them. This will include short phone surveys that will derive important information on customers’ views, likes, and dislikes about the store and products with an aim of increasing the efficiency of the store. As an enticement, we can offer them cash rewards for any goods they buy from the store. This will encourage past customers to present their grievances and offer the management an opportunity to offer remedies for bad experiences with an aim of preventing target customers from such experiences. Ideally, this strategy has been effective in many organizations and departments since it enhances efficient customer service, address to customers’ feedback, and enable the store to meet the customers’ needs. Past customers will pass the effectiveness to target customers. Present customers define the growth, turnover, market position, competitiveness, and success of the retail. As such, the store must strive to address and satisfy their needs by making their shopping experience enjoyable and reducing complaints and unpleasant experiences. In maintaining the present customers, we should make an urban outfitters loyalty program. Many stores have membership card. Urban outfitters store does not. We should encourage them to subscribe to the membership of our store by

Structured essay on a comprehensive Marketing Plan to Promote YHA

Structured on a comprehensive Marketing Plan to Promote YHA Australia using UKs Back Packers as market target - Essay Example Cheaper flights and favourable exchange rates have encouraged the tremendous growth of this market with more than 400 000 backpackers expected to visit Australia in 2002. (Macbeth and Westerhausen, 2003) Backpackers hold special potential for regional Australia. Already, backpackers make up more than half of all international visitors and visitor nights in some parts of regional Australia. Their tendency to roam farther afield than other types of tourists is reflected in the fact that backpackers visited an average 10.6 regions in Australia during 1995-96, compared with 2.7 regions for all visitors. However although backpackers are visiting up to four times more of Australia than other types of tourists, large sections of regional Australia continue to be bypassed altogether The marketing strategy for backpacker tourism is composed of four strategies: promote 'quality' tourism based upon: maximizing income from tourism through a value-volume strategy (i.e. relatively lower growth in arrivals, but targeting higher-spending visitors); reducing seasonality; repositioning Australia's image as a destination, with greater emphasis on experiences linked to the island's environment and cultural heritage, marketing Australia's diverse population as a 'a mosaic of nature and culture, a whole, magical world concentrated in a small, warm and hospitable island in the Mediterranean at the crossroads of three continents, between West and East, that offers a multidimensional, high quality tourist experience. Tourism Australia has been active in this segment for a number of years, and is building on past experience to continue to develop it. Investing in this segment now will provide substantial returns in the future as the backpackers of today are likely to become the returning high-yield target markets of tomorrow. Backpackers area unique tourism segment. Their characteristics are as follows: there is an evident and strong social interaction among backpackers, the existence of backpacker enclaves, the relatively prolonged duration of most backpacker journeys compared to the conventional tourist trips), and the inviting traits of a classic anthropological subject, rites of passage. Parallel with the growth and expansion of the phenomenon itself, research into backpacker tourism has grown dramatically too, and a noteworthy share of that research has been conducted by means of ethnography, while a large share of the remainder display much influence from ethnographic methodology. The autho r has been part and parcel of this development as he, since 1990, in total has conducted more than two years of ethnographic fieldwork among backpackers and has published several papers on the ethnography of backpackers INTRODUCTION 'Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world, accounting for 11.7 per cent of world GDP, 8 per cent of world export earnings, and 8 per cent of employment. This mobility affects almost everywhere, with the World Tourism Organization publishing tourism statistics for over 180 countries (WTO 2002). Almost no countries are not significant senders and receivers of visitors. Internationally there are over 700 million legal passenger arrivals each year (compared with 25 million in 1950) with a predicted 1 billion by

Geographies of Social Difference Essay Example for Free

Geographies of Social Difference Essay Map 1: [Figure 2, People not fluent in English as a percentage of the total population aged 5 years and over, Sydney, 2006] (a) Compare the spatial pattern of the map to the map of unemployment. Does the map share the same spatial pattern as unemployment (i.e. do the areas of high and low concentration match)? Describe the similarities and differences in the spatial pattern. Figure (1) displays that there is a high prevalence of unemployed people in the Western and South western regions of Sydney. Sydneys South West areas and inner west areas have high numbers of people not fluent in English e.g. Cabramatta-Marrickville .Both Figure (1) and (2) correlate well with each other as the areas which are high numbers of unemployment are also areas which have a high number on individuals of are not fluent in English. b) Explain why your map shares (or does not share) a similar spatial pattern to the map of unemployment. Areas which have high numbers of unemployed individuals are also areas which have a high number in individuals who are not fluent in English. Individuals not being fluent in English may be limited to employment opportunities as they may lack fundamental communication skills which are needed in the workforce. They may also have limited opportunities to attain qualifications that may improve chances of employment due to their lack of English skills e.g. entering a Question 2, Map 2. Map 2: [Figure (3) Low income Households with a gross weekly income less than $500, as a percentage of all households. Sydney, 2006.] Compare the spatial pattern of the map to the map of unemployment. Does the map share the same spatial pattern as unemployment (i.e. do the areas of high and low concentration match)? Describe the similarities and differences in the spatial pattern. Figure (1) and Figure (3) have similar spatial patterns of unemployment and low income households. Both unemployment and low income are common in the central western parts of Sydney (Blacktown) and also South Western parts of Sydney such as Campbelltown and also leading into the inner western and eastern suburbs such as Villawood and Claymore (ABS, 2006). These maps show similarities as unemployment often results in individuals living off low income. b) Explain why your map shares (or does not share) a similar spatial pattern to the map of unemployment. Figure (1) and Figure (3) have similar spatial patterns as unemployment and low income correlate with each other. Both unemployment and low income are prevalent specifically in the Western suburbs of Sydney. Individuals who earn low incomes are left with little to no amounts of discretionary income, hence why they reside in areas within Western Sydney as estate is more affordable to buy or rent in comparison to other regions such as Northern Sydney Question 3: The map of unemployment shows that some areas of Sydney experience higher levels of unemployment compared to the rest of Sydney. Identify and explain the changes that have taken place in the economy (e.g. in Sydney, NSW, Australia) that have generated such unevenness in socio-economic opportunities. Discrepancies between the rich and poor have been known to humanity for countless years. These discrepancies are evident in all societies where there are a variety of individuals who belong to different classes on the social class ladder. These discrepancies are evident in figure (1) and (3) where unemployment and low income are most common in Western parts of Sydney. Individuals often chose to reside in Sydneys Western suburbs where living and life style costs are considerably cheaper in comparison to Eastern/Northern areas of Sydney. Economic changes within regions results in social polarization. Socio-spatial polarisation) refers to divergence over time in the life chances and socio-ec onomic circumstances of low income and middle to high income populations CITATION Wai00 \l 3081  (Waitt, et al., 2000). Income is a critical factor underlying polarisation. In Australia, the top 25 per cent of families now receive about 5 times as much disposable income as the lowest 25 per cent CITATION Wai00 \l 3081 (Waitt, et al., 2000). These statistics are evident in figure (1) where unemployment are most common in the Western parts of Sydney due to the living costs being lower in comparison to North and East suburbs of Sydney. As social-polarisation is associated with socioeconomic factors such as income and education, it can be said that individuals who are not fluent in English are less likely to find employment due to their lack of essential work skills. Another reason that causes discrepancies between low socioeconomic status communities and high socioeconomic status communities is the constant improvement and development of areas which are seen to be more desirable to live in. An example of this is the constant advertisements which portray messages saying new inner-city residence that will bring about a new way of living or state that living in the inner city has so many benefits: you can walk to work, miss traffic jams, stroll to all the best restaurants and be part of the lively city ambience CITATION Bau05 \l 3081 (Baum, et al., 2005). This results in individuals wishing to move into areas close to the CBD. As populations increase in these areas, infrastructure will also increase. This will create jobs which will favour individuals living close by. This cycle results in low socio-economic areas receiving less development opportunities as individuals prefer to reside in other areas e.g. Individuals preferring to reside in Northern Sydney over Western Sydney. Individuals who reside in Western Sydney Suburbs that are able to find employment in high socioeconomic areas such as Northern Sydney which are constantly redeveloped and improved are faced with the burdens of travelling for long periods . References Waitt, G, McGuirk, P, Dunn, K, Hartig, K Burnley, I 2000, Transforming cities: socio-spatial polarisation, in Introducing human geography: globalisation, difference and inequality, Longman, Sydney, pp. 405-406. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006. A Social Atlas, 2006 Census of Population Housing, Sydney: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Baum, S., OConnor, K. Stimson, R., 2005. Suburbs of advantage and disadvantage. In: Fault lines exposed: advantage and disadvantage across Australias  settlement system. Melbourne: Monash University ePress, pp. 12-30.

A Socio Cultural Analysis of Singapore

A Socio Cultural Analysis of Singapore 1. Introduction 1.1 Singapore Singapore is an island country which is one of the four Asian tiger countries. Singapore is regarded as one of the worlds most prosperous countries with strong international trading links and its per capita GDP is equal to leading nations of Europe. (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html). According to the singstat.gov.sg, Singapore had the population of 4,987,600 people in 2009 and 3,200,700 were Singapore citizen. The rest 2 million were other nationalities. These nationalities are Chinese, Indonesians, Indians, Malays, Vietnamese, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodians and so forth. These nationalities settle in Singapore for various purposes. Thus, Singapore is regarded as the multicultural country. 1.2 Socio-Cultural Analysis of Singapore According to Geert Hofstedes five cultural dimensions, following cultural dimension indexes are indentified. Power distance index 74 Individualism index 20 Masculinity index 48 Uncertainty avoidance index 8 Long-term orientation index 48 Table1. Five cultural dimensions of Singapore Therefore, Singapore is collectivism country due to the individualism index of 20. As it is a high collectivism society, less powerful number of people accepts the unequal power distribution among the family or organization which is common in high collectivism society. Masculinity index of 48 proves both female and males in Singapore have equal opportunity for their lives. The most interesting index is uncertainty avoidance index which is 8. Therefore, Singaporeans are regarded as risk takers who prefer changes and challenges. As for the long term orientation index, Singapore has the index of 48 which is normal, neither long-term nor short-term oriented. In order to relate, Geert Hofstede five cultural dimension indexes and the impact on marketing, following facts are indentified. Firstly, as power distance index of Singapore is 74 which is high, therefore, marketing luxury items, global brands, high quality and innovative products works in Singapore as in high power distance culture, one social status must be clear to be respected by others. Marketing products in Singapore should focus on needs of a society, family and group rather than individual due to the individualism index of 20. Moreover, products in Singapore should be continuously innovative, value added and features are to be improved as the uncertainty avoidance is very low, 8. As Singapore is normal in long/short term orientation index, products can be either long term or short term purposes. Similarly, masculinity index of Singapore is 48 that mean balance in values of both masculinity and femininity. From the marketing perspective, products that are marketed to masculin e culture should be status products as masculinity refers to achievement, success and recognition. 1.3 Economic Analysis Economy of Singapore depends heavily on exports, which are consumer electronics and information technology products. Singapore practised successful free market economy with corruption free environment. Per-capita GDP of Singapore is equivalent to that of four largest West-European countries (www.nationmaster.com). GDP per capita of Singapore in 2009 was approximately 50,300 USD. In 2008 and 2007, it was 52,200 USD and 52,300 USD respectively according to CIA world facts book. Based on the World Banks doing business 2010 and 2009 report, Singapore is ranked #1 in ease of doing business. Moreover, Singapore is also ranked #1 in employing workers and trading across borders. As for the closing business Singapore is ranked #2. As for the low corruption rate, Singapore is ranked #1 in Asia and #4 in the world. In order to increase the growth of Singapores economy, government decided to create the two integrated resorts with casino licenses. Marina Bay Sands was awarded the first license which is a more business focused integrated resort. Second license was awarded to Resorts world at Sentosa, a family oriented integrated resort. These integrated resorts are expected to produce 35,000 jobs. The Singapore government attracts large scale of foreign investment by enforcing two policies which are pro-foreign investment and export-oriented. According to economywatch.com, United States is the leading investor in Singapore. There are a number of factors influences the economic development of Singapore. The main reason is due to the increasing demand of electronic products around the world which benefits the Singapore as it is the major producer of electronic goods. Other industries contributed in economic growth of Singapore are pharmaceuticals, financial services and manufacturing.The 2. Product According to socio-cultural analysis using by Geert Hofstede five cultural dimension model, furniture products made of teak are decided to market Singapore. These products are manufactured by Myanmar Teak Company limited is using precious teaks from Myanmar. Most of the furniture in Singapore is made of leathers, fibre, iron, plastics, recycled woods and so forth. Although there is some furniture made from wood, it is very difficult to find furniture made of teak. 2.1 Relative Advantage Furniture made from teak is usually expensive and regarded as luxury furniture because teaks are expensive as it takes decades to get teak trees and its advantages. Furniture made from teak is durable, strong, and resistant to moisture, fire, acid and alkalis. Moreover, it is highly resistant from rotting, sun, rain, frost or snow. Once it is bought, it can be used for many decades. Furniture made of teak is easy to clean from spilled drinks and food while others are hard to remove the stains. Although the natural colour of the teak is golden brown, it can be changed to reddish brown or dark brown. Therefore, the colour of the teak is easy to alter and colour will sustain for a long time. Another advantage of teak is producing natural oils that prevent termites and wood damaging insects. This natural oil maintains the solidness of the wood, life span and strength which therefore unnecessary for the user to apply chemicals. Resistant to weathers, rotting and wood damaging insects make teak furniture to be ageless. Teak is easy to shape and craft. 2.2 Compatibility Teak furniture is compatible for Singapore, according to high power distance index (74) of Hofstede. Having teak furniture show the high status and wealth of that person comparing to other furniture made of fibre, plastic, and recycled woods. In Singapore, decorating home with arts, sculptures, furniture, lighting and latest electronic products are found in house of wealthy people. Teak furniture is mainly used in International hotels, high-class restaurants, and furniture of international companies especially for meeting tables. International hotels and high-class restaurants have furniture made of teak because westerners and Europeans value teak furniture and handicraft products. 2.3 Trialability Furniture showrooms in Singapore allow customers to try before purchase. For example, customer can sit on the couch or sofa to test the comfort of the products. In Singapore, furniture showrooms are decorated with its product. Decorating furniture show rooms with its products enable customers to test the product, understand the convenience of the product, and get the idea how products can be designed in particular location. For example, in IKEA all furniture is shown to try and test before the purchase. Customers are allowed to use the tables, sit on chairs and sofa and lie on bed. 3. The Market 3.1 Geographical Region Singapore is located at the South East Asia which is surrounded by Malaysia and Indonesia. Singapore is also known as an island Nation which is 3.5 times size of the Washington DC according to nationmaster.com. It has total area of 692.7 km that had a population of 4,987,600 people in 2009. Singapore has smaller islands which are Jurong, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin, and Sentosa. Among them, Sentosa is the largest one. Highest point of Singapore is Bukit Timah which is 166m above sea level whereas the lowest point is Singapore Strait 0m which is a major shipping route of South East Asia. In Singapore, climate is hot, tropical, humid and rainy. There are two distinct monsoon seasons which are North-eastern monsoon starting from December to March and South-western monsoon takes June to September. 3.2 Transportation Public transportation is the major source of transportation heavily used by people for daily purposes. Public transportation includes MRT, LRT, and Buses. SMRT Corporation Ltd (SMRT) is Singapores multi-modal transport service provider offering integrated island-wide transport services including trains, buses, and taxis. SBS transit started its operation in 2003 which is North East Line, a highly advanced fully automated new underground heavy rail system. This NEL had a daily user of 325,433 in 2009 which is 20 kilometers long and include 16 stations from punggol to Harborfront. According to data of Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore and Changi Airport Group Pte Ltd, number of aircraft arrivals and departures were 120,184 and 120176 respectively for both passengers and parcel/mail. Aircraft is major transportation for arriving and departing Singapore, according to data of passenger arrival/departure by using aircraft. In year 2009, passenger data of arrival and departure was recorded as 18,026,000 passengers arrival and 18,063,000 departures. As for the parcel/mail incoming and outgoing by aircraft in 2009 were 12113 and 14945 tonnes. By looking at the Data of Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, ships are the major source of transporting cargos and containers. According to data, in 2009, 130575 vessels arrived in Singapore by shipping 1784669(000) giga tonne. Air cargos were mainly used by North East Asian Countries due to discharged tonnes of 377,184 in year 2009. These North East Asian Countries include China, Hong Kong, Republic of Korea and Taiwan. Total air cargo discharged tonnes by various countries and regions in 2009 were 846,671. Table1. Describes the number of population using vehicles in 2007-2009 Table.1 the number population used of vehicles in year 2007, 2008 and 2009 were as follows 2007 2008 2009 Car 505,987 540,455 566,608 Rental Cars 11,054 12,391 12,763 Taxis 24,446 24,300 24,702 Buses 14,530 15,327 16,023 Motor Cycles Scooter 144,340 146,120 147,215 Goods Other Vehicles 150,979 156,089 158,207 Total 851,336 894,682 925,518 Adopted from Land transport Authority 3.3 Communication There were 1.857 million fixed telephone users in 2008 whereas 6.375 million users were mobile cellular users. Presently, there are three communication service providers that are SingTel, Star hub and M1. 3G wireless service was launched in February 2005. As for the internet service, most of the people use broad band internet service provided by three internet service providers. According to data of Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore, Media Development Authority and Singapore Post which were collected at April 2010, there were 2046.7(000) of broadband internet users including xDSL, cable modems, leased line internet and other broadband internet access methods. Dial-up internet users were only 75.1(000) users. As for the mobile phone users for both 3G and 2G, there were 6920.2(000) users while the fixed mobile users were unknown. There is Sing post postal service which delivers mails and parcels to most of the countries around the world. 4. Consumer Buying Habits 4.1 Product use pattern In Singapore, furniture is one of the essential products for buildings. People use furniture for daily purposes. Furniture is essentially indeed products in Singapore due to the increasing number of residents, international students, employees from around the world, Singapore requires more housings, schools and universities, hotels and restaurants. Therefore, furniture is required for those housings, universities, schools, hotels and restaurants. In Singapore, 76.8% are Chinese according to nationmaster.com. Chinese usually value arts and handicraft. Moreover, Chinese buy new furniture for their houses after Chinese new-year because Chinese belief that if they can buy new products in this New Year and they believe that they will enable to buy in next New Year. 4.2 Product preference In general, Singapore prefers light, small and cheap furniture because most of the Singaporean lives in condominium and flats. As for the restaurants and international hotels, teak furniture is preferred most, in order to show their status and position. Tastes and preferences can vary among customers. 4.3 Shopping Habits According to the study of (Neilson, 2009) Singapore had changed shopping habits due to current financial crisis. This study shows that 70 percent of the consumer spent only on essential products. However, latest Nielsen Global consumer index shows that Global consumer index of Singapore in second quarter of 2010 increased to index of 112 that is nearly as 114 in third-quarter of 2007. Therefore, percentage of consumers who believed that Singapore was in recession had declined from 28 percent to 17 percent in Q2 2010. According to the survey conducted in 2006 to 22,000 internet users in 42 markets, it was revealed that 74% of consumers admitted that shopping as form of entertainment. Similarly, in Singapore shopping was considered as a form of entertainment due to nine out of 10 respondents replies. 7% of Singaporean went shopping twice a week or more often although others went shopping with lesser extent. 22% of Singaporeans did it weekly while 32 percent shopped once a month. 29% sh opped more than once a month and 10 percent never shopped. Moreover, Singapore was the only Asian country which made it through to the global top 10 which agreed with the therapeutic effect of clothes shopping. According to the data, following pie chart is identified. Source: adopted form www.acnielsen.com.sg/news/20060719.shtml 5. Distribution of the product In Singapore, furniture can be bought from either from retailers or manufacturers. Some Furniture manufacturers place products both on retail shop while others sell by own showrooms. Furthermore, there are countless of small furniture shops and showrooms in Singapore. The largest furniture retail store in Singapore is IKEA which is followed by Courts. 6. Advertising and promotion As for the advertising, if it is to reach international hotels and restaurants, sending product catalog is the best way to get attention. Advertising on television by targeting on restaurants and international hotel is also considered effective way of advertising. In advertising on television by showing elegant and modernized teak furniture can attract the attention of high-class customer. Similarly, as for the advertising high class society, same media can be used to attract customers. Direct marketing can be also used to for both high-class society and hotels and restaurants. Moreover, participating in furniture shows held by Singapore Furniture Industry Council will also draw the attention of respective customer. According to (Russell, 2006) Singapore market drew 17,838 visitors from 112 countries which was the largest ever. Additionally, according to the press release of international furniture fair Singapore, the fair held in March 2010 attracted the 17,277 visitors from 112 countries. This fair was held for 4days from 9 to 12 March 2010. In Singapore, furniture is discounted by percentage in some seasons. Sales discount depends on furniture. Some furniture may be discounted 20% while others are discounted 10% only. 7. Compare and contrast with competitors products 7.1 competitors products Mozaic is a Singapore brand that is integrated by successful Singapore furniture companies which satisfy the needs and wants of customers by providing specially crafted products. Combination of West and East business practices, designs, availability of resources, Singapore Mozaic fulfils the satisfaction of customer around the world. Wholesale Teak Company manufactures furniture with highest quality. Wholesale teak company furniture includes teak furniture, resort furniture and antique furniture of Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, classic French, classic English, Italy sofa and Italy furniture. Wholesale Teak Company have achieved the following reputations, the best whole sale teak furniture, antique furniture, classic furniture, Italy sofa and Italy furniture specialist. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8189661.stm http://www.warc.com/news/topnews.asp?ID=25256 http://www.furnituresingapore.com/ http://www.acnielsen.com.sg/news/NewsReleaseJuly212010.shtml http://www.acnielsen.com.sg/news/20060719.shtml http://www.iffs.com.sg/press_20012010.asp http://www.asiaone.com/Business/News/SME%2BCentral/Story/A1Story20080310-53515.html http://www.singaporemozaic.com/mozaic_cms/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=4Itemid=4 http://www.wholesaleteakcompany.com/html/about_us__teak_furniture.html